1.1 What is WordPress?

• Briefly introduce WordPress: it is an open-source content management system (CMS) used for creating and managing websites.

WordPress is a widely used, free, and open-source content management system (CMS) that allows users to easily create, maintain, and update websites without the need for in-depth programming or web design knowledge. Since its initial release in 2003, WordPress has evolved into a powerful website building tool, widely adopted by millions of website owners and developers globally.

Key Features

The success of WordPress lies not only in its user-friendliness but also in its rich feature set. Here are some of the key features of WordPress:

1. Open Source and Free

WordPress is an open-source project, which means anyone can use it for free and customize it. Its open-source nature also means there's a large global community continuously improving and expanding it.

2. Simple Installation and Use

Installing WordPress takes just a few simple steps and doesn't require in-depth programming knowledge. The user interface is intuitive, allowing users to easily create and manage content.

3. Highly Customizable

WordPress offers a vast array of themes and plugins that users can utilize to customize the appearance and functionality of their websites. This means you can design your website according to various needs and styles.

4. Excellent Content Management

WordPress provides a robust content management system that allows you to easily publish, edit, and organize various types of content, including articles, images, videos, and audio.

5. Powerful Social Media Integration

WordPress boasts excellent social media integration features, making it easy to share content and engage with readers, helping to expand your website's audience.

6. Optimized for SEO

Search engine optimization (SEO) is crucial for website success. WordPress offers many built-in SEO tools and plugins to help you optimize your site for improved rankings.

7. Strong Security

The WordPress community places a strong emphasis on security and continually provides security updates to ensure your website is protected from potential threats.

WordPress is a robust and versatile content management system suitable for various website types, including personal blogs, corporate websites, e-commerce platforms, and more. Its flexibility, user-friendliness, and extensive community support make it an ideal choice for building and managing websites. In the following chapters, we will delve into how to install, configure, and use WordPress and harness its features to create your website.

Even the official website of the United States White House is built using WordPress. WordPress is renowned for its widespread adoption and diverse features. Here are some impressive statistics about WordPress to demonstrate its significance:

1. Global Market Share

As of our knowledge cutoff date in 2021, WordPress held an astonishing market share of over 40% in global website construction, indicating that over two-thirds of websites chose WordPress as their content management system.

2. Users Worldwide

WordPress's influence isn't limited to any specific region. It has a global community comprising developers and users from various countries and cultural backgrounds. This diversity brings different styles and requirements for WordPress websites.

3. User Count

Millions of individual bloggers, small and medium-sized businesses, news websites, e-commerce platforms, and large enterprises use WordPress to manage their websites. This extensive user base demonstrates the adaptability and scalability of WordPress.

The Power of WordPress's Features

Apart from its widespread adoption, WordPress is also known for its rich feature set. Here are some features that make WordPress a trendsetter:

1. Themes and Plugins

WordPress offers thousands of themes and plugins, which allow you to easily customize the appearance and functionality of your website. Whether you're building a personal blog or a complex multi-functional website, you can find suitable themes and plugins.

2. Multimedia Management

WordPress has a powerful multimedia management feature that allows you to easily upload, edit, and share images, videos, and audio. This simplifies the management of multimedia content.

3. Content Editing

The content editor allows you to easily create and format articles without the need for programming knowledge. The What You See Is What You Get (WYSIWYG) editing interface makes content creation simple and intuitive.

4. Powerful Social Media Integration

WordPress offers rich social media integration options, allowing you to easily share your content on various social platforms and expand your audience.

5. Security and Updates

The WordPress community is dedicated to maintaining the platform's security. It provides regular security updates to ensure your website is protected from potential threats.

In summary, WordPress is an outstanding content management system, and with its widespread adoption and feature-rich ecosystem, it has become the preferred tool for website creation. The upcoming lessons will delve into how to fully utilize WordPress to create a visually stunning and high-performance website.

1.2 Components and Architecture of WordPress

• WordPress Components: Introduction to WordPress's core components, such as themes, plugins, content, and users.

• WordPress Architecture: Explanation of how WordPress operates, including the database, front end, and back end.

In this course, we will use a Docker Compose configuration pre-prepared by the instructor to create a WordPress Docker environment. The process of setting up a WordPress Docker environment is straightforward and requires only a few short commands. Docker is an excellent choice for this purpose because of its cross-platform compatibility. Whether you have a Docker-supported network-attached storage (NAS), run Windows, Linux, or macOS, you can easily install and deploy this environment.

Furthermore, if you plan to use a virtual private server (VPS) now or in the future, Docker Compose remains an efficient tool for quickly deploying this environment.

In this system architecture design, we have incorporated various key components, including Nginx, WordPress Core, PHP-FPM, Redis, and MySQL, to build a robust WordPress application architecture. These components play different roles, each contributing to the maintenance and enhancement of the entire website.

First, we use Nginx as a reverse proxy, specifically to host the front-end website application. This architecture enhances website security because the traditional way of setting up WordPress often exposes both the front and back ends directly to the network. Nginx can effectively manage and control different endpoints, strengthening website security.

The WordPress Core part includes PHP-FPM, responsible for communicating with the database. The traditional setup usually has WordPress connecting directly to the MySQL database, which has performance limitations. However, in this architecture, we use Redis as an object cache for the database, caching frequently used data from MySQL in memory. This greatly improves the overall website speed and performance.

This system architecture design combines multiple components, using Nginx as a reverse proxy and Redis as a database object cache, to provide a secure, efficient, and high-performance WordPress application architecture. This ensures that your website remains stable even when handling significant traffic and provides an outstanding user experience.

Understanding Docker

2.1 What is Docker?

• A brief introduction to Docker, a platform for containerizing applications.

Docker is a widely used containerization platform in the industry today, and it has transformed the way applications are deployed and managed. It allows developers to package applications and their dependencies into lightweight containers and ensures consistent execution across different environments. These lightweight, portable, and self-contained containers simplify the development, testing, and deployment of applications.

Docker is a powerful tool that allows us to organize applications at various levels, from the application within containers to the operating system and hardware. Let's delve deeper into how Docker works:

1. App Containers

First, let's look at App Containers, which are the smallest units in Docker. In our example, there are App 1, App 2, App 3, and App 4. Each App Container contains an independent application, such as Nginx, WordPress, Redis, or MySQL. These containers are isolated and do not interfere with each other.

2. Container Engine

The Container Engine is a powerful tool responsible for managing and running our App Containers. It can place these containers on top of the operating system and ensure they run correctly. Think of it as a manager for containers, overseeing the operation of all containers.

3. Operating System

Beneath the Container Engine is the operating system, a critical layer in how Docker operates. Each container shares the same operating system kernel, but they are isolated and do not affect each other. This allows containers to run on different operating systems without worrying about compatibility issues.

4. Hardware

At the bottom layer is the hardware, which includes servers, virtual machines, or cloud hosts. Docker can run on various hardware, making application deployment highly flexible.

Docker enables us to easily package applications into containers that can run independently anywhere, whether it's a local development environment or a cloud server. The container engine manages these containers, ensuring they run correctly on different operating systems and hardware. This approach makes our applications more flexible, portable, and manageable.

Key Features of Docker

Docker has some important features that make it the preferred platform for containerization:

1. Containerization

Containers are a way to package applications and their dependencies to ensure consistent operation across different environments, from development to production.

2. Lightweight

Docker containers are very lightweight and share the resources of the operating system, making them highly efficient in terms of resource usage and disk space.

3. Manageability

Docker provides an easy-to-use command-line interface and a graphical user interface, simplifying the creation, startup, shutdown, and monitoring of containers.

4. Portability

Docker containers can run in any environment that supports Docker, whether it's a developer's laptop, a local testing environment, or a cloud server.

5. Open Source

Docker is an open-source project with a large community continuously improving and expanding its capabilities.

Use Cases for Docker

Docker can be applied in various scenarios, including:

1. Rapid deployment and scaling of microservices applications.
2. Simplification of development and testing processes.
3. Improved resource utilization of servers.
4. Containerized versions of development environments.

Docker has changed the way applications are deployed and managed, offering numerous benefits for both developers and operations teams. Two of the most significant advantages are application isolation and portability.

Application Isolation

Traditionally, running multiple applications on a shared server could lead to issues of interference and resource conflicts, resulting in unstable system behavior and performance degradation. However, Docker achieves application isolation by packaging each application and its dependencies into a separate container. This means that an application running in one container does not affect others or the host system, ensuring complete isolation between applications.

This isolation provides significant benefits for both developers and operations teams. Developers can confidently run multiple different applications on the same server without worrying about conflicts. Simultaneously, operations teams can more easily monitor, manage, and maintain these containers because they are independent entities.

Portability

Docker containers offer exceptional portability. A container includes the application itself and all the required libraries, dependencies, and configurations. This means you can run containers consistently in any environment that supports Docker, whether it's on your developer's laptop, a local testing server, or a cloud server. This seamless experience for testing, development, and deployment of applications is a major advantage.

In summary, Docker provides unique advantages, including application isolation and portability. These advantages have made it one of the most popular containerization platforms today, delivering significant success in both development and operations. Whether you're a developer or an operations expert, mastering Docker can improve your application management efficiency and simplify deployment processes.

2.2 Basic Concepts of Docker

• Container

A container is one of the core concepts of Docker. It is a lightweight, standalone execution environment that includes an application and its related dependencies, such as libraries and configurations. Containers can run in different environments, ensuring consistency for applications across development, testing, and production, while providing application isolation.

• Image

A Docker image is a template for containers. It contains all the information necessary for an application to run, including code, libraries, configurations, and more. Containers are created from images, and you can think of images as the original versions of containers. Images can be defined and built using Dockerfiles.

• Docker Stack

Docker Stack is a concept used for deploying and managing multiple containerized services. It typically includes multiple containers, each running different applications or services and communicating with each other. Docker Stack simplifies the management of multi-container applications and ensures they work together.

• Docker Compose

Docker Compose is a tool used to define and run multi-container applications. It uses a YAML file to define the structure of the application, including containers, networks, volumes, and more. Docker Compose can start multiple containers at once and ensure they establish the correct connections. This simplifies the deployment of multi-container applications and makes it reproducible.

In the upcoming lessons, we will delve deeper into these basic concepts, understanding how to use containers, images, Docker Stack, and Docker Compose to simplify the development, deployment, and management of applications. These concepts will help you leverage Docker technology to improve your workflow efficiency.

Integrating WordPress with Docker

3.1 Deploying WordPress Using Containers

Why Use Containers?

In this section, we will explore why to use containers and the benefits of putting WordPress into containers. Containerization technology is becoming increasingly popular in modern application development and operations because it offers many key advantages, including isolation, reproducibility, and environment consistency. Let's take a closer look at why containers have become the preferred choice for both developers and operations teams.

1. Isolation

Containers provide isolation for applications. Each container contains an application and its related dependencies, running independently of other containers. This isolation ensures that applications do not interfere with each other, even if they share the same hardware and operating system. This makes containers an ideal choice for applications with high isolation requirements.

2. Reproducibility

Containers make it easy to package applications and their dependencies into a reproducible image. This means you can ensure the deployment of the same application in different environments without worrying about changes in dependencies or configurations. This provides a consistent development, testing, and production environment, reducing issues caused by environment differences.

3. Environment Consistency

Containers ensure consistency in environments. Developers can develop containers locally and then deploy the same containers to the production environment without worrying about differences in environments causing problems. This streamlines the development and deployment process and ensures that testing is comparable to the production environment.

In the upcoming lessons, we will dive deeper into how to achieve these advantages using containers and explore the practical application of putting WordPress into containers. We will learn how to create, manage, and deploy WordPress containers and use container technology to simplify our development and operations processes.

1.1 什麼是 WordPress？

• 簡要介紹 WordPress，它是一個用於建立和管理網站的開源內容管理系統

WordPress 是一個廣泛使用的免費、開源的內容管理系統 (CMS)，它讓用戶能夠輕鬆建立、維護和更新網站，而無需深入了解編程或網頁設計。自從 2003 年首次推出以來，WordPress 已經演變成一個強大的網站建立工具，被全球數百萬的網站所有者和開發者廣泛使用

主要特點

WordPress 的成功不僅在於其易用性，還在於其豐富的功能集合。以下是一些 WordPress 的主要特點：

1. 開源和免費

WordPress 是一個開源項目，這意味著任何人都可以免費使用它，並對其進行自定義。開源性質也意味著有一個龐大的全球社區，不斷為其改進和擴展

2. 簡單的安裝和使用

安裝 WordPress 只需幾個簡單的步驟，而且無需深入了解編程知識。使用者界面直觀，允許用戶輕鬆創建和管理內容

3. 高度可自定義

WordPress 提供了大量的主題（Themes）和外掛（Plugins），用戶可以使用它們來自定義網站的外觀和功能。這意味著你可以根據不同的需求和風格來設計你的網站

4. 優秀的內容管理

WordPress 提供了一個強大的內容管理系統，讓你可以輕鬆發布、編輯和組織各種類型的內容，包括文章、圖片、影片和音訊

5. 強大的社交媒體整合

WordPress 具有出色的社交媒體整合功能，可以輕鬆分享內容並與讀者互動，有助於擴大你的網站受眾

6. 優化的SEO

搜索引擎優化（SEO）在網站成功方面至關重要。WordPress 具有許多內置的SEO工具和插件，幫助你優化網站以提高排名

7. 強大的安全性

WordPress 社區非常關注安全性，並不斷提供安全性更新，以確保你的網站免受潛在的威脅

WordPress 是一個強大且多功能的內容管理系統，適合個人博客、企業網站、電子商務平台等各種網站類型。它的靈活性、易用性和龐大的社區支持使其成為建立和管理網站的理想選擇。在接下來的章節中，我們將深入研究如何安裝、設定和使用 WordPress，以及如何充分發揮其功能來建立你的網站

就連美國白宮官方網站也是使用 Wordpress 建置，WordPress 以其廣泛的普及度和多樣化的功能而聞名於世。以下是有關 WordPress 的一些令人印象深刻的統計數據，以證明它的重要性：

1. 全球市場份額

截止到我們知識截止日期 2021 年，WordPress 在全球網站建設中佔據了驚人的市場份額，約為網站的 40％以上。這意味著超過三分之二的網站選擇了 WordPress 作為其內容管理系統

2. 世界各地的用戶

WordPress 的影響力不僅限於某個地區。它擁有一個全球性的社區，包括來自不同國家和文化背景的開發者和用戶。這種多樣性為 WordPress 帶來了各種不同風格和需求的網站

3. 使用者數量

數百萬的個人博客、中小型企業、新聞網站、電子商務平台以及大型企業都在使用 WordPress 來管理他們的網站。這個廣泛的用戶群證明了 WordPress 的適用性和可擴展性

強大功能的 WordPress

除了其廣泛的普及度，WordPress 還以其豐富的功能集合而著稱 以下是一些讓 WordPress 引領潮流的功能：

1. 主題和外掛

WordPress 提供了數以千計的主題和外掛，這些工具使你可以輕鬆自定義你的網站的外觀和功能 無論你是建立一個個人部落格還是一個複雜的多功能網站，都可以找到合適的主題和外掛

2. 多媒體管理

WordPress 具有強大的多媒體管理功能，讓你可以輕鬆上傳、編輯和分享圖片、視頻和音訊。這簡化了多媒體內容的管理過程

3. 內容編輯

外掛編輯器 Elementor

內容編輯器使你可以輕鬆創建和格式化文章，而不需要編程知識。所見即所得（WYSIWYG）編輯界面讓內容創建變得簡單且直觀

4. 強大的社交媒體整合

WordPress 具有豐富的社交媒體整合選項，讓你可以將你的內容輕鬆分享到各種社交平台，擴大你的受眾

5. 安全性和更新

WordPress 社區致力於保持平臺的安全性。它提供定期的安全性更新，以確保你的網站免受潛在威脅

總之，WordPress 是一個卓越的內容管理系統，憑藉其普及度和功能豐富的生態系統，已成為建立網站的首選工具。接下來的課程將深入研究如何充分利用 WordPress，從而為你的網站打造出色的外觀和性能

1.2 WordPress 的組件和架構

• WordPress 的組件：介紹 WordPress 的核心組件，如主題、插件、內容、用戶等

• WordPress 架構：解釋 WordPress 如何運作，包括資料庫、前端和後端

在這門課程中，我們將使用老師事先編寫的 Docker Compose 配置來建立 WordPress Docker 環境。建立 WordPress Docker 環境的過程非常簡單，只需輸入幾條簡短的指令即可。Docker 之所以成為這個用途的優秀選擇，是因為它具有跨平台的兼容性。無論您是否擁有支援 Docker 的網路儲存（NAS），運行 Windows、Linux 或 macOS，您都可以輕鬆安裝和部署這個環境

此外，如果您計劃現在或將來使用虛擬私有伺服器（VPS），Docker Compose 仍然是一個高效的工具，可快速部署這個環境

在本次的系統架構設計中，我們採用了多種關鍵元件，包括 Nginx、Wordpress Core、PHP-FPM、Redis 和 MySQL，以構建堅固的 Wordpress 應用架構。這些元件的角色不同，各自扮演著維護和強化整個網站的重要角色

首先，我們使用 Nginx 作為反向代理，嚴格來說，它是用來承載前端網站應用程序的。這樣的架構提高了網站的安全性，因為傳統的 Wordpress 搭建方式通常會直接將前後端暴露在網絡上。Nginx 可以有效規劃和管理不同端點，加強了網站的安全性

Wordpress Core 這一端包括 PHP-FPM，負責與資料庫進行通信。傳統的搭建方式通常讓 Wordpress 直接連接 MySQL 資料庫，這樣的方法在性能上存在限制。然而，本次架構中，我們使用 Redis 作為資料庫對象緩存，將 MySQL 中常用的數據快取在記憶體中。這樣一來，整個網站的運行速度得到了極大的提升，網站的效能大幅度增強

這個系統架構設計結合了多個元件，通過 Nginx 的反向代理和 Redis 的資料庫對象緩存，提供了一個安全、高效、高性能的 Wordpress 應用架構。這將確保您的網站在處理大量流量時保持穩定運行，同時提供出色的用戶體驗

認識 Docker

2.1 什麼是 Docker？

• 簡要介紹 Docker，它是一個用於容器化應用程序的平台

Docker 是當今業界廣泛使用的容器化平台，它改變了應用程序部署和管理的方式。它允許開發人員將應用程序及其相關的依賴項打包到一個輕量級的容器中，並確保在不同環境中保持一致運行。這種輕量級、可移植和自包含的容器使應用程序的開發、測試和部署變得更加簡單和高效

Docker 是一個強大的工具，它可以讓我們在不同的層級上組織應用程序，從容器內的應用程序到作業系統和硬體。讓我們深入瞭解 Docker 運作的方式：

1. App 容器

我們首先來看 App 容器，這是 Docker 中最小的單位。在我們的示例中，有 App 1、App 2、App 3 和 App 4。每個 App 容器都包含一個獨立的應用程序，例如 Nginx、Wordpress、Redis 或 Mysql。這些容器是獨立的，互相不會干擾

2. 容器引擎

容器引擎是一個強大的工具，它負責管理和運行我們的 App 容器。它可以將這些容器放置在作業系統之上，並確保它們能夠正確運行。這就像是一個容器的管理員，負責監督所有容器的運作

3. 作業系統

在容器引擎下面是作業系統，它是 Docker 運作的一個重要層級。每個容器共享相同的作業系統核心，但它們被隔離開來，不會相互影響。這使得容器可以運行在不同的作業系統上，而不必擔心兼容性問題

4. 硬體

最底層是硬體，這包括伺服器、虛擬機器或雲端主機。 Docker 可以運行在各種不同的硬體上，這使得應用程序的部署變得非常靈活

Docker 讓我們能夠輕鬆地將應用程序打包成容器，這些容器可以獨立運行在任何地方，無論是本地開發環境還是雲端伺服器。容器引擎管理著這些容器，確保它們能夠在不同的作業系統上正確運行，並在硬體上運行。這種方式使我們的應用程序更加靈活、可移植且易於管理

Docker 的關鍵特點

Docker 具有一些重要的特點，這些特點使其成為容器化的首選平台：

1. 容器化

容器是一種封裝應用程序和其依賴項的方式，確保應用程序在不同環境中運行一致，從開發到生產

2. 輕量級

Docker 容器非常輕量，並且共享操作系統的資源，因此它們運行效率高，佔用的硬盤空間和資源少

3. 易於管理

Docker 提供了一個易於使用的命令行界面和圖形用戶界面，使容器的創建、啟動、停止和監控變得簡單

4. 可移植性

Docker 容器可以在任何支持 Docker 的環境中運行，無論是開發人員的筆記本電腦、本地測試環境還是雲端伺服器

5. 開源

Docker 是一個開源項目，擁有一個龐大的社區，持續改進和擴展其功能。

Docker 的應用場景

Docker 可以應用於各種場景，包括：

1. 快速部署和擴展微服務應用程序
2. 簡化開發和測試流程
3. 提高伺服器的資源利用率
4. 創建開發環境的容器化版本

Docker 已經改變了應用程序的部署和管理方式，並為開發人員和運營團隊提供了無數的好處。其中最重要的兩個優勢是應用程序隔離和可移植性

應用程序隔離

傳統上，在共享一個伺服器上運行多個應用程序可能會導致相互干擾和資源衝突的問題。這些問題可能會導致不穩定的系統行為和性能下降。然而，Docker 通過容器化技術，將應用程序及其所有相關的依賴項封裝到一個獨立的容器中，從而實現了應用程序的隔離。這意味著一個容器中運行的應用程序不會影響其他容器或宿主系統，從而確保了應用程序之間的完全隔離。

這種隔離性質為開發人員和運營團隊提供了巨大的好處。開發人員可以放心地在同一伺服器上運行多個不同的應用程序，而不必擔心它們之間的衝突。同時，運營團隊可以更容易地監控、管理和維護這些容器，因為它們都是獨立的實體

可移植性

Docker 容器具有卓越的可移植性。一個容器包括了應用程序本身以及運行它所需的所有庫、依賴項和配置。這意味著您可以在任何支持 Docker 的環境中運行容器，而不必擔心環境差異。無論是在您的開發筆記本電腦上、本地測試伺服器上，還是在雲端伺服器上，容器都能夠保持一致的運行。這為應用程序的測試、開發和部署提供了無縫的體驗。

總之，Docker 提供了獨特的優勢，其中包括應用程序隔離和可移植性。這些優勢使其成為當今最受歡迎的容器化平台之一，並在開發和運營中取得了巨大的成功。無論您是開發人員還是運營專家，掌握 Docker 將有助於提高您的應用程序管理效率並簡化部署流程

2.2 Docker 的基本概念

• 容器（Container）

容器是 Docker 的核心概念之一。它是一個輕量級、獨立的執行環境，包括應用程序及其相關的依賴項（如庫、配置等）。容器可以在不同的環境中運行，確保應用程序在開發、測試和生產中的一致性，同時實現應用程序的隔離

• 映像（Image）

Docker 映像是容器的模板。它包含了一個應用程序運行所需的所有信息，包括代碼、庫、配置等。容器是由映像創建的，您可以將映像視為容器的原始版本。映像可以通過 Dockerfile 定義並構建

• 堆疊 (Docker Stack)

Docker Stack 是一種用於部署和管理多個容器化服務的概念。它通常包括多個容器，每個容器都執行不同的應用程序或服務，並可以相互通信。Docker Stack 可以簡化多容器應用程序的管理，確保它們協同工作

• Docker Compose

Docker Compose 是一個用於定義和運行多容器應用程序的工具。它使用一個 YAML 文件來定義應用程序的結構，包括容器、網絡、卷等。Docker Compose 可以一次性啟動多個容器，並確保它們之間建立正確的連接。這使得多容器應用程序的部署變得簡單而可重現

在接下來的課程中，我們將深入研究這些基本概念，了解如何使用容器、映像、Docker Stack 和 Docker Compose 來簡化應用程序的開發、部署和管理。這些概念將幫助您更好地利用 Docker 技術來提高工作效率

整合 WordPress 和 Docker

3.1 使用容器部署 WordPress

為什麼使用容器？

在這一章節中，我們將深入探討為什麼使用容器，以及將 WordPress 放入容器的好處。容器化技術在現代應用程序開發和運營中越來越受歡迎，因為它提供了許多關鍵優勢，包括隔離性、可重現性和環境一致性。讓我們一起來看看為什麼容器成為了開發人員和運營團隊的首選。

1. 隔離性

容器提供了應用程序的隔離環境。每個容器都包含一個應用程序及其相關的依賴項，並與其他容器分離運行。這種隔離性確保了應用程序之間的互不干擾，即使它們共享相同的硬體和作業系統。這使得容器成為隔離性要求高的應用程序的理想選擇。

2. 可重現性

容器可以輕鬆地打包應用程序及其依賴項，並將它們轉化為一個可重現的映像。這意味著您可以確保在不同環境中部署相同的應用程序，而不必擔心依賴項或配置的變化。這提供了一致的開發、測試和生產環境，有助於減少因環境差異而引起的問題。

3. 環境一致性

容器確保了環境的一致性。開發人員可以在本地開發容器，然後將相同的容器部署到生產環境中，而不必擔心環境差異導致的問題。這簡化了開發和部署的流程，並確保測試在生產環境中具有可比性。

在接下來的課程中，我們將更深入地研究如何使用容器來實現這些優勢，並探討將 WordPress 放入容器的實際應用。我們將學習如何創建、管理和部署 WordPress 容器，並利用容器技術簡化我們的開發和運營流程。